Information Security and Cybersecurity are terms that have been used interchangeably by many but it must be noted that the two have some differences. Information Security is usually used in the context of the traditional internal ICT environment of an organisation. Cybersecurity is different in that it recognises that orgnisations security perimeter now extends beyond the traditional boundaries with the introduction of mobile, remote, IoT and cloud technologies. Cybersecurity programs recognize that organizations must be vigilant, resilient, and ready to protect and defend every ingress and egress connection as well as organizational data wherever it is stored, transmitted, or processed. In this topic, we will discuss the fundamental concepts of cybersecurity and information security. We will also discover the difference between cybersecurity threats, vulnerabilities, and exploits, and explore the most common cybersecurity threats, as well as common software and hardware vulnerabilities